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Scotia Plate
The Scotia Plate ((スペイン語:Placa Scotia)) is a tectonic plate on the edge of the South Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Thought to have formed during the early Eocene with the opening of the Drake Passage that separates South America from Antarctica, it is a minor plate whose movement is largely controlled by the two major plates that surround it; the South American plate and Antarctic plate.
Roughly rhomboid, extending between and , the plate is wide and long. It is moving WSW at /year and the South Sandwich Plate is moving east at /year in an absolute reference frame. It takes it name from the steam yacht ''Scotia'' of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition 1902-1904, the expedition that made the first bathymetric study of the region.
The Scotia Plate is made of oceanic crust and continental fragments now distributed around the Scotia Sea. Before the formation of the plate began 40 Ma these fragments formed a continuous landmass from Patagonia to the Antarctic Peninsula along an active subduction margin.〔 At present the plate is almost completely submerged with only the small exceptions of the South Georgia Islands on its north-eastern edge and the southern tip of South America.
==Tectonic setting==
Together with the Sandwich Plate, the Scotia Plate joins the southern-most Andes to the Antarctic Peninsula, just like the Caribbean Plate joins the north-most Andes to North America, and these two plates are comparable in several ways. Both have volcanic arcs at their eastern ends, the South Sandwich Islands on the Scotia Plate and the Lesser Antilles on the Caribbean Plate, and both plates also had a major impact on global climate when they closed the two major gateways between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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